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Thousands of people started marching Tuesday across France to say no to them according to the austerity imposed by the European Union and call for a genuine policy of growth to five days before the second round of presidential elections.

Nearly 290 processions are announced by the CGT, one in the afternoon in Paris, where walkers will have been preceded by a National Front demonstration and where they will parade during a political rally organized by the outgoing president.

The inter-union (CFDT, CGT, FSU, UNSA and Solidaires) promises that there will be no political message on the banners of the first parades in May, but the CGT, unlike other organizations, called for " beat Nicolas Sarkozy. "

In Marseille, about 20,000 people, according to unions, protested for a parade more social than political. "This gives it a special flavor, but we do not mean our demands immediate demands in the pocket," said the delegate county of the CGT, Mireille Chessa. The banner head behind which all the unions, with the exception of FO, marched, summed up this attitude. "Against the austerity policies, workers united for social progress" could be read. Fralib employees, who for nearly two years to oppose the closure of the last site in France to make the teas The Elephant, opened the procession.

In Bordeaux, more than twelve thousand people walked the streets of the city. A response far greater than a year ago, according to organizers. "We believe the participation of 15,000 people," welcomed on behalf of the Inter Cathy Sargenton, spokesman for the CGT Gironde. She said only 3,000 people were mobilized during the May 1, 2011.  

Between 10,000 and 40,000 demonstrators, police or the organizers, marched through the streets of Toulouse, where slogans against the outgoing president did not fail. The banner head, badged CGT, CFDT, UNSA and FSU, was as traditional themes such as defense of trade unionism in wages, employment or public service, but most political slogans have also fused. Unions have strongly mobilized in Rennes. CGT announced the presence of 10,000 people when she had recorded that in 1250 the last year. The prefecture has reported a provisional figure of 6,000 protesters. Where the band head of the Inter-CGT, CFDT, FSU, UNSA and Solidarity stood by social demands on employment, pensions, purchasing power and the struggle "against all discrimination," the The atmosphere was much behind policy.

Holland in Nevers to honor Beregovoy

About 1500 people marched in 4500 in Strasbourg and Mulhouse, according to a statement made on site by Reuters, a significant interest in Alsace, while the region is in middle of spring break and the CFDT was not involved, as organization, in the event high quality business cards.

In Strasbourg, where employees of the Caddy truck manufacturer, in receivership, opened the parade, only a few slogans directly recalled the presidential election, as "If you're against Sarkozy, clap your hands", sung by the Orchestra of the CGT.  

In Paris, delegations from the Socialist Party and the Left Front should remain in the rear of the parade as not to hinder the trade unionists and Francois Hollande has chosen to honor Nevers (Nièvre) to Pierre Beregovoy, the Prime Minister Francois Mitterrand, who s 'committed suicide there are exactly nineteen years.

Union leaders see as a "provocation" of Nicolas Sarkozy's decision to hold its own gathering on the job after reporting since the beginning of the campaign "these intermediate bodies" that are the unions.

"On 1 May for the workers and anyone else," said Francois Chereque on Tuesday BFMTV. The secretary general of the CFDT, which does not give instructions to vote, said the speech of Nicolas Sarkozy on the job has become "unbearable." "Every time there was a takeover in the history of politics on this holiday (May 1, Ed), was derived in a context of undemocratic," he said Monday in an interview published by Liberation.

Thibault argues for a social Europe

The secretary general of the CGT, Bernard Thibault, has instead confirmed he called to vote for Francois Hollande. "The CGT called to fight the current president," he said on Europe 1. "I am surprised that some are surprised that a union of employees can have an opinion about the issues of a presidential election."

"It's from the social balance sheet, economic and president of his intentions – among his first, he wants to, as the employers claimed, a reform of the definition of termination for economic reasons," that this position has was taken, he said.  

The SGC requires a minimum wage to 1,700 euros per month and expects Francois Hollande, who has promised a big meeting with the social partners if elected on May 6 before deciding, he goes in that direction very quickly. Bernard Thibault believes that the austerity measures introduced in the European Union led the latter to the disaster and calls for a social Europe.

To better themselves as "unifier" Nicolas Sarkozy faced with a "who wants to divide", the Socialist candidate Francois Hollande has sent a letter to leaders of the five confederations. He reiterated his promise to do major players in the next five years if they win.

Chambers of commerce and industry want to work with the new president and new government on major economic issues: SMEs, industry, international business development, training and learning. "We are a driving force. We are not in the claim, "said Jacques Pfister, Senior Vice President of the Assembly of French Chambers of Commerce and Industry (ACFCI) and President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Marseille Provence in presenting the 22 proposals of the network of chambers of commerce and industry.

Sign of this willingness to change and to affirm their desire to play leading roles in major economic debates, chambers of commerce and industry adopt a new logo, "CCI de France." "There are not many networks of entrepreneurs also involved in the economy of the territories and as close to the territories. We are a private Datar, "says Jacques Pfister, referring to the Directorate of Planning.

Chambers of commerce are active in many areas. "They are machines to do economic development, to train young people to manage infrastructure," says Pierre-Antoine Gailly, second vice-president of the ACFCI and President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Paris. They train apprentices. They welcome students into their business schools. They manage airports or ports. They support SMEs internationally. They help entrepreneurs. They look after employment. "The Chamber of Commerce Marseille Provence 1000 supports RSA beneficiaries per year for four years," said Jacques Pfister.

Simplification of yarrow territorial

Anxious to participate in the economic recovery, the Chambers of Commerce argue that France gets a real industrial ambition. They want to make 2013 the year of the industry. They offer a one-stop financing industrial area to help entrepreneurs to find funding.

The launch of a contingency plan to enable SMEs to enter new markets is asked to stop the decline in the number of exporting companies that are not more numerous in 2011 than in 1995. Large groups will be forced to work with "a share of SMEs and SMIs in the French part of their contracts together abroad."

Noting that France is over-managed and that the powers of territorial and state overlap, chambers of commerce and industry urge a simplification of territorial yarrow, strengthening the role of cities and best use of ports or airports. "It is possible to create a% of GDP higher if we reflect on the cities and provide 1% of GDP higher by focusing on the ports of Marseille and Le Havre," said Jacques Pfister.

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Presidential in major cities Paris | Leeds | Lyons | Toulouse | Leeds | Sheffield | Liverpool | Bordeaux | Lille

The Economist, to be published next Saturday personal loan for poor credit.

The average levy of taxes and social contributions on labor income has increased in most OECD countries in 2011, with the notable exception of the United States, according to the latest survey on the taxation of wages published by the organization of the Château de la Muette.

For single workers without children, the heaviest tax systems are in Belgium (55.5% of gross salary from taxes), Germany (49.8%), Hungary and France (49.4%). The tax charge used by the OECD includes taxes on income but also social contributions and employer.

For families with two children on one income, tax systems are the highest in France (42.3%), Belgium (40.3%) and Italy (38.6%), while the Switzerland (8.4%) and Ireland (7.1%) among the lower-taxed countries.

But crisis requires, in 2011 the average tax burden for people earning the average wage increased by 0.3%, notably due to the increase in income tax, the OECD notes. The largest increases were recorded in Ireland (+3.8 points), Hungary (+2.4) and Portugal (+1.4), three European countries highly affected by the crisis. In France, the rise was moderate, from 0.2% to 0.3% year on year, according to the fireplaces.

The United States formed the exception. The total tax wedge is indeed decreased by 0.9 point in 2011, due to a reduction in employee social security contributions which more than offset an increase in income taxes resulting from the expiration of the tax credit recoverable for temporary make work pay.

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Presidential in major cities Paris | Leeds | Lyons | Toulouse | Leeds | Sheffield | Liverpool | Bordeaux | Lille

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A textile company, for lack of sewers it needs for its plant in Quimper, creates a pathway of learning to train its future recruits? The SME Armor Lux, well known for its white wine, made the headlines this week, at a time when all candidates for president are the re-industrialization of the country one of their campaign themes.

This situation is not isolated and number of industrial jobs – welders, boilermakers, milling … – are pulling their hair to find candidates and encourage vocations. "There is a real paradox between a high level of unemployment in France and companies who are not candidates for positions in recruitment, whether welders, millers, coppersmiths, payroll technicians, seamstresses …. In total we estimate that roughly fifty so-called shortage occupations. In our business we miss about 30% of requests from our customers because we do not have the resources and this situation has been deteriorating for a decade, notes François Beharel, group president of Randstad and staffing agencies. Concretely, this means that our group could generate 30% of turnover and more. "

For him, the problem is essentially related to the collective image What these professions in public opinion. "We imagine that in the textile industry and is like 50 years ago, while the environment has changed, that wages were revised upwards and that career paths are possible." "We have to get into people's heads, and young people in particular, that the industry is clean and not necessarily noisy. In this regard, the construction was successful for several years to reverse its bad image, "says Anne-Marie Bjornson, Director of Transitions AFPA.

Develop learning

A UIMM, Joel Mendez, Director Employment and Training, said that one communicates primarily on job losses. Yet in all sectors of metallurgy, the recruitment needs estimated over the period 2007-2015 are always evaluated. Between 60,000 and 80,000 jobs per year, including 30 to 40% reserved for graduates, according to a study by the study-which will be updated in early 2012 over a 2013 to 2020 -. "There is a big educational effort and support to achieve with the companies to become more involved in processes of looking management of jobs and skills (GPEC) and assessing their future needs" says he.

According to Anne-Marie Bjornson Afpa transitions, there are ways to mount training particularly in the context of operational readiness to employment (job center) or as part of training contracts. "We are also working on the issue of transferable skills, which allow for example to a textile worker to work in the weld or a working precision to go in the car." But anticipating needs is a prerequisite and essential step, she insists.

For Joel Mendez, it is also essential to adapt the training devices to the needs, both in initial training in continuing education. And take the example of learning where the numbers in the branch of metallurgy grew 6% in 2011 (with a total of 26 000 apprentices). "At the last school year, nearly a thousand offers of learning could not be met and at the same time, the same volume of young people did not find any company. This shows that learning can be further developed and the various mechanisms put in place recently should help solve these problems. "

A situation that in any case, Francis led Beharel hammering: "stop sending generations of young people in jobs without opportunities. Spend money to know that jobs are to be filled with real careers, especially if the areas are not attractive. "

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President of the Assembly of Departments of France (ADF), Claudy Lebreton, strong supporter of decentralization and Rural Affairs, wants to accelerate the transfer of competencies from the state to local governments. The laws of 1982 under the government of Pierre Mauroy, then in 2003 under that of Jean-Pierre Raffarin, this would be the third act of decentralization.

The first axis of the reform advocated by Claudy Lebreton, to be presented to Parliament if the left wins presidential elections, would cover the transfer of new responsibilities to local governments. "We propose to strengthen decentralization with new skills to the departments and regions in terms of jobs, training, implementation of EU policies such as the common agricultural policy, he says. France can do much better in terms of skills transfer. It ranks 18th of 27 in Europe, "says he.

Freedoms tax

But who says new skills also said additional revenue. This is the second axis of the proposed reform. "The tax changes sought by the National candidate Holland would be the opportunity to propose a change in local taxation," says the representative of the departments of France. "It will take more responsibilities and freedoms to local tax to fund these new skills," says local politician, head of the Cotes d'Armor since 1997. Among the ideas put forward: the integration of a criterion in determining income housing tax so it is no longer based solely on the rental value of housing. Figure also increasing the share of taxes transferred on TICPE (domestic consumption tax on energy products) to the regions no fax payday loan.

The latter, closer to the needs of business, would be entrusted, in co-responsibility with the State, public service employment. In addition, to finance the social aspect such as RSA or dependence, part of CSG can be fed into the department budget. Conversely the representative of the councilors described as "highly dangerous for the finances of the department" the measure proposed by the president candidate, Nicolas Sarkozy, to halve the land transfer for value (DMTO), a transaction tax estate. "It represents 10% of department budget, or 7 billion euros, it is far from negligible," he insists.

Third axis of the reform of local democracy. It would involve the prohibition of double an executive mandate with a parliamentary mandate, the creation of a local initiative referendum, the best account of the status of local elected officials, union and association.

The timing of this reform would be quick and simple. "A law of territorial democracy would be presented to Parliament this autumn in the wake of the general assembly of the territories set up by the Senate president, Jean-Pierre Bel," explains Claudy Lebreton. Provided however, that Francois Hollande is elected Sunday, May 6 and he then won the general elections in June

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In his defense, the government ensures that the global event will benefit the local economy. 1500 enterprises had shared a jackpot of € 9 billion of contracts. But experts estimate that less than 1% of GDP growth of the net gain generated by the Olympics for several years.

The major amounts invested for the event.

• Transport: € 7.8 billion

For seven years, considerable effort has been devoted to the modernization of the London transport network, to host 3 million visitors in addition to the 12 million daily riders. New stations were built around Stratford, the Olympic site in east London. A special express train, the Javelin, will link the park to the station King's Cross St. Pancras. But the risk of flooding remains a nightmare for the organizers and authorities in London.

+ Organization: € 2.4 billion

The organization of the fifteen-day competition is funded by private funds from revenue from TV rights, sponsorships, merchandising and ticketing (485 million euros). Some sponsors are involved in providing benefits in kind (eg telecom).

+ Olympic Stadium: 1.2 billion euros

The enclosure of 80,000 seats is the centerpiece of a series of new equipment final, including a swimming pool, a handball court, a velodrome that will find and use a permanent occupants after the Olympics. Each was built by an architect and a different promoter. Other facilities such as the basketball stadium, will be dismantled at the end of competitions.

+ Olympic Village: 675 million

The site of the London 2012 Olympic Village was sold for 634 million euros in a joint venture with Qatari Diar personal business card. The village, which adjoins the Olympic Stadium, includes 2,800 new homes. And the contract includes the creation of 2,000 additional.

Security +: € 670 million

This is one of the positions responsible for soaring overall costs. The organizing committee found itself under fire for underestimating security needs. A first estimate "wet finger" of 10,000 agents has been revised upwards to 23,700, doubling the budget to fund these private security guards. A contract with G4S company specializing in 104 million was renegotiated to 344 million. Not to mention the tens of thousands of forces of public order.

+ Ceremonies: 98 million

Entrusted to Danny Boyle, director of Trainspotting and Slumdog Millionaire movie, the opening ceremony of July 27 should show the "best of Britain". Thousands of extras are being recruited. To succeed in this show of force after that which remained in the memories of Beijing, Prime Minister David Cameron has agreed to double the budget for opening and closing.

= Public budget: 13 billion euros

The note of the Olympics for taxpayers English has continued to fly from the original figure of 3 billion when London won the competition in 2005. The organizing committee is now working on a budget of 11 billion, but a parliamentary report estimated that the bill may reach 13 billion instead. 29 billion and even if we take into account indirect costs for utilities, including the police and military presence.