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The world of dog is not alien powers to DNA. He has also used its "services" for many years. And this, in two major areas of application: the detection of genetic diseases on the one hand, and the parentage of the other.

350 genetic diseases in dogs

There are about 350 dogs hereditary defects (against 5,000 in humans). Research – three laboratories in France working in the field of canine genetics – allowed for certain defects develop markers. These help to identify a male or a female for breeding (and competing standard) is free or affected by a particular pathology.

The status of the parents tested "negative" may be affixed to the pedigree, official document of the dogs.

Through these tests, the breeder who performs thorough job selection may evict reproductive individuals carrying. Some dogs may be healthy carriers, that is to say, be affected by a disease without showing symptoms, however, while being able to pass it. The tests may be required by a breed club within its rating scale, a sort of "ranking" of the best subjects.

A guarantee for the future master

However, there is still no test for all diseases, but susceptible breeds are available in which they can expect to see and decrease the spread of genetic diseases in their livestock.

The usefulness of such tests, when available, also benefits the future master. In its efforts to acquire a puppy, it can ensure that parents are free, which is an additional safeguard to avoid having to deal with a puppy who in turn will present a pathology. Genetic diseases, like all those reported before the purchase of an insurance animal health within the scope of exclusions of reimbursement, it is therefore a significant caution.

The DNA also allows traceability of pups in a litter. Thus, one can know with certainty that they are from the cross of like father and mother like her.

This is the official club of the breed English bulldog in this area which was the forerunner in introducing a DNA test to determine parentage in 1998. SCC (Societe Centrale Canine) which manages the LOF (Book of French origin) in France while an estimated three pedigree had at least one false statement. "It was a success in terms of ranchers who wanted to stand out from the merchants of dogs," says Helene Denis, president of the club's English bulldog. "To date we have over 1,000 bulldogs identified which quarter with controlled descent for both parents," she says.

The last important point, and not least, among the genes identified in dogs, several are directly relevant to humans. Some studies conducted in canine genetics can be transposed in human medicine and help advance research.

Proof once again that the dog outside of his abilities for the company and its role at times of carer, may hold promise of hope in our health.

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There are good and bad elements of the negotiations, said at the outset of Pontavice Christopher, CEO of the branch network online Efficity. Choosing a home located in ground floor or first floor allows to get a significant discount. "" But you must understand that the gain in price is paid or surface by lower liquidity, as well will be harder to sell, says Christophe's Pontavice. It is a risk for the buyer to assume. "Similarly," if you opt for a non-market good, like a big family apartment of 150 sqm in the district of Barbes, you will have a big room for discussion of prices. But be betting that the property may in future find buyers. In this example, the bet seems risky. "He said the best deals are on the side of homes needing a little repair: the rebate is often greater than the amount of work. He remembers well a nice apartment, boulevard de Courcelles, who had suffered a small fire just before the sale and could not find a buyer. A bold buyer probably could make a nice opération.Enfin, novel approaches are often found to pay. Efficity has sold a building of 500 m² with a small group of five buyers. After cutting the property, they will realize a five condominium apartments of 90 m² for a final price of the most compétitifs.L facilitator of M6 and realtor Stephen Plaza, also advises to focus on the atypical properties. "Those who are on the lookout for a" blow "can capitalize on real estate assets that do not seem very functional, the souplex (apartments on the ground floor + basement) or products where you have to create a new distribution, he says. There are more offers available currently and the buyer is in good shape. "

Keep a cool head and avoid favorites

Be careful though to ensure that all planned developments are possible within the condominium. "In this kind of case, avoid the favorites to keep all his bargaining power and be prepared to see the good escape," says Stéphane Plaza.Et since deals are in the wrong market, the facilitator also suggests building on the election period, traditionally hollow to buy. Vendors will rush to be more flexible in the face of motivated buyers. Finally, those with large budgets will also have more leeway. "For large areas beyond 120 m, the demand is much lower and the bargaining power even stronger."

Notary, financial, to each his approach

In a more purely financial, Benjamin Nicaise, president of the platform Cerenicimo estate, believes that the current best deals are found on the side of residences. "This product is not in vogue when the market was well structured in recent years, he says. Result: the square meter is not selling very expensive and I have an example of a new residence in La Baule which sells substantially cheaper than the next building which dates back 80 years. "The notary Pierre Bazaille, President of the Institute for Notarial real estate, said, meanwhile, some common sense advice. "In the nine, if one arrives at the tail of a program on achieving a good position, the sponsor will be ready to make an effort, especially for a buyer without the condition precedent of loan. Obviously, these are not the best apartments that remain, but for an investment, it's worth the effort generally. "From experience, the lawyer knows that sellers with substantial inheritance to pay are also willing to make a substantial discount to buyers paying cash. Finally, in the category of goods with defect, both rely on a thermal wreck, according to Mr. Bazaille. Indeed, homes with energy label is F or G are trading down more easily and we can then improve the situation by work while recovering a portion of the investment through the tax credit.

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The space devoted to luxury brands, to leather goods, watches and jewelry and shoes, already expanded several years ago, will be further expanded. As the ground floor, first floor will be devoted to accessories. The "shop in shop 'Vuitton, Cartier and Chanel spend even on two floors, each with a private staircase. Rays ready-to-wear, over five levels will be, themselves, brought three floors, the ray discs just closed, and placeholders to cosmetics and toys will be reduced. "However, we will dedicate the entire fifth floor apparel child," says Michel Roulleau, executive vice president of Galeries Lafayette.

Accommodate more tourists

Even men approach the store (customers expected to grow), whose ground floor will also be devoted to luxury. "We are also studying a possible transfer project space at Lafayette Gourmet store house, where we consider a new concept," says Paul Delaoutre, the Director General. The space freed up could be turned into shoe department.

"Most of our revenue is realized by the clothes, insists Paul Delaoutre. Our sales are increasing, while the market goes down. Last year, we became the leading seller of clothing in value, in France, in front of Carrefour. "

However, most of the chain growth comes from the upmarket tourists. Operators completed last year 60% of store sales of Haussmann. Ongoing work will double the surface to receive tourists, with no less than three dedicated areas: one Japanese and Americans in the basement, another to the Chinese on the ground floor, and the last to others, especially the Brazilians, called to become a growth driver.

"Improving the profitability of the brand allows us to increase our 50% annual allocation of investment," said Paul Delaoutre. The latter has earmarked 800 million euros by 2017. The bulk will be devoted to work in 58 provinces of Galeries Lafayette (whose sales increased by 2% annually on average since 2006). "The concept of Haussmann is declinable everywhere in varying degrees, says Michel Roulleau. Prada, Gucci, Balenciaga and Saint Laurent will arrive in Strasbourg. The objective is to deploy anywhere Zadig & Voltaire, Kooples and Sandro, already present in thirty of our stores. "

Life insurance and wealth tax

When the total wealth of a taxpayer exceeds € 1,300,000, the latter is liable for the solidarity tax on wealth. The basis for calculation of this tax is calculated at roughly the same rules as that of inheritance. But for the life insurance, the comparison stops there.

Indeed, while these contracts are not (or partially) subject to inheritance tax, they are considered in terms of the ISF as any medium of financial savings. Thus, all life insurance contracts should be included in the taxable wealth. The value to be reported is that of the contract on January 1 of the tax year.

Namely: if the taxpayer held assets greater than € 3,000,000, must complete a detailed statement. The contract must be included in Appendix 3-1 of the Declaration of ISF, under "other property".

Reduce taxes on capital

Contracts of life insurance called "non-redeemable," that is to say those agreed in lost funds, are exempt from wealth tax. From this, some insurance companies have built contracts supposed escape partly or wholly, to the imposition. The most common contracts "to loyalty bonuses" and "contracts in euros diversified."

The contract to loyalty bonuses isolates for 8 to 10 years of financial support specifically, the interest generated by capital. These interests are blocked, and are not redeemable for the specified time. They are therefore exempt from wealth tax until they are reintegrated at maturity of the blocking period. But capital has remained on the taxable throughout this period. The contract is therefore only partially exempt from wealth tax and for a limited time paydayloans.

The life insurance contracts in euros has diversified in turn sought a more radical approach. In these contracts, the funds are frozen for 8 to 10 years, making them in principle non-redeemable. But the tax has not kept insurers in this field, and confirmed that these contracts remain taxable to tax on capital for their full value (instruction 7-S 4-10).

The acceptance of the beneficiary

Always to get these contracts from the base of the ISF, some experts have suggested to use the recipient's acceptance. Therefore the beneficiary of a life insurance contract has the option of accepting the earnings before or after the death of the insured.

If he does in his lifetime, the insured is blocked: it can no longer perform the redemption of his contract without the consent of the beneficiary. It seemed therefore possible to exempt these contracts because they were not freely redeemable. But again, the tax authority has raised an objection of inadmissibility (Ministerial response Dollez No. 18648). These contracts are taxable to the ISF.

The taxation of annuity

But in reality, the annuity is taxable to the ISF for its value called "capitalization." This value corresponds to that of capital which is gradually consumed to provide the annuity. It appears every year on the statement sent to the annuitant by the insurance company. It must declare the same as a life insurance contract.

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Not enough to reassure employees. Geodis, one buyer competing Sernam, does not seem hostile to the event of liquidation of the carrier into bankruptcy. In an interview with Journal du Dimanche (JDD), CEO of Geodis seems to slow down the four irons to the assumption of a recovery.

So he must know Tuesday whether to uphold or cancel its offer, it considers, in the JDD, the financial position of Sernam concern. It is "the worst expected. Some customers have gone to competition, contractors are concerned, important collaborators have left the company … The ministries concerned have known this for a year, "says Pierre Blayau the JDD.  

The CEO of the subsidiary of SNCF freight maintains he has always matched its takeover offer on two conditions: neither nor Geodis Sernam should only be considered by Brussels as the person paying the € 642 million illegal aid paid to Sernam by the station when it was privatized. Wednesday, Brussels has actually leaned in this direction, at the request of French authorities.

The second condition relates to the viability of Sernam. "Everyone seems to have forgotten. But today, we have no guarantee that this condition is met, "says Pierre Blayau. Earlier in the week, he lamented that "half of the turnover of Sernam has evaporated in recent weeks." The carrier's management denies.

Do not "dramatize" the liquidation

The CEO of Geodis had already held this speech to the unions, now pessimistic. "It made us realize that it will not be able to maintain its offer," said Alain told AFP Wednesday Delpuech CGT Sernam, emerging from a meeting with the boss of Geodis. FO Transport, meanwhile, also anticipating an into liquidation by the Sernam commercial court of Nanterre Tuesday.

Assumption that Pierre Blayau seeks, in the JDD, to dramatize. In the event of liquidation, the SNCF and Geodis will be in his able to reclassify one thousand employees employed on Sernam 1441, while the partial takeover offer for Geodis provides for the continuation of that about 800 jobs.

A round table organized at the end of March by the Ministry of Transport also sought to identify sector companies likely to make other offers of reassignment. "So do not dramatize this scenario," said Pierre Blayau. The unions, meanwhile, are not of that opinion. "What will the retail positions, what are the conditions of employment, which will be taken?" Worries Alain Delpuech. All have in mind the example of SeaFrance.

From our correspondent in Rome

With a key concession, Mario Monti has torn their agreement to the political forces for reform of labor law that has as its capital for renewed growth.

"The bill I will introduce to Parliament represents a historic opportunity to create jobs, improve the labor market in quality and quantity and reduce unemployment permanently," he said at a news conference Wednesday night . Beside him, the Minister of Labour, Elsa Fornero, extensively detailed a complex reform which should significantly reduce the uncertainty and guarantee coverage to millions of young people without permanent jobs.

To overcome the ongoing wrangle by the confederation CGIL working, the most powerful and most left unions and the Democratic Party who had followed suit, the government had to make some concessions. These concern the right of dismissal, framed by Article 18 of the Labour Code, considered an intangible acquired by the unions. Elsa Fornero recognizes that Article 18 is "a great conquest of labor law, but must adapt to a world profoundly changed" since its adoption in 1970.

Arbitration courts

In cases of collective redundancy, compensation of twelve to twenty months is expected. If it is a disciplinary dismissal, no reinstatement is possible pay day advance. However, if it is an individual disciplinary dismissal without "just cause" (or "unfounded", said Mario Monti), it is for the judge to decide whether to order reinstatement or award of compensation. In the previous version, any notion of reintegration was excluded.

Pier Luigi Bersani, the leader of the Democratic Party – left – has defined the amendment "a very important step forward." The leader of the main leftist party feels relieved not to have to hire a showdown with the government it supports Monti since his inauguration last November. Mario Monti would like to see adopted its reform as soon as possible, by the summer. It does not exclude liability to ensure that this reform is distorted by the amendments.

The government wants to give a signal quickly to reassure the markets, while the borrowing rate differential with Germany is ironed on Thursday at 358 basis points, the highest in a month. After the pension reform in December and January of liberalization, reform of the labor market is the third stage of the crisis of Italy.

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Nicolas Sarkozy wants to extend to "large local governments" the principle of non-replacement of retiring in two applied to the public. According to him, modulate state grants would be "very healthy" to encourage savings.

"We will extend" the policy of non-replacement of staff on two "large to local authorities, who have quite the ability to make the same effort as the state," said the president-candidate in an interview broadcast Tuesday on the magazine's website Actors public.

"This is a very important issue: since 2007, local authorities have created 100,000 jobs, while the state removed 160,000", he said no teletrek payday advance.

Nicolas Sarkozy, however, did not specify which communities that would be affected. Communities that employ the most staff are the major cities, regions and departments.

"The larger communities, which represent two thirds of local expenditures, must make the same effort that the state and they have the opportunity to reorganize, to be more efficient in their ways," Nicolas Sarkozy has insisted.

One million dollars per day, or 750,000 euros. Such is the cost of operations by Total to plug the leak on board its platform Elgin, North Sea, said Monday its chief financial officer Patrick de la Chevardière. Added to this bill a loss of $ 1.5 million each day (1.12 million) which corresponds to the cessation of production from fields adjoining the Elgin and Franklin, for a total cost estimated to about 1.9 million euros. These two deposits, located 240 kilometers off the coast of Aberdeen in Scotland, representing 2% of the total hydrocarbon production.

The company was still awaiting the green light Monday from the British authorities to dispatch technicians on the platform, removed a week earlier. Total will begin simultaneously on the one hand, to "kill" the leaking wells at the platform, out of the water, and, secondly, to drill two relief wells instant payday loan lenders. If the first operation, "relatively easy", according to Patrick Chevardière, successful, drilling (at least 100 million euros and six months of work) will be useless.

According to Total, gas, mainly methane, disperses quickly in the air. Only 7m3 of condensate (light oil such as gasoline) are currently prevalent in sea Greenpeace, arrived on Monday with a vessel area, intend to verify these statements.

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Times are tough for Philips. Former world number one on many markets consumer electronics, the Dutch group continues to see its market share decline. Including the segment of headphones, one of the most promising areas of the moment. In two years, sales of helmets rose 30% in France. Philips has lost eight points of market share. In 2012, 10 million headsets, for a total of 330 million euros, should be sold in the Hexagon, according to GfK.

The reverse is even more difficult to accept for the group Philips has negotiated very well the transition from stereo to the Dock. The Netherlands has 18% market share in France and his throne at the top spot in Europe. A turn much less negotiated in helmets. "New entrants have redefined the market. They even reinvented, "says Olivier Ginet, CEO of Philips Lifestyle France. For Philips, the challenge is daunting. The brand is certainly recognized in the field of audio, but not by the young crowd, follower of headphones. The trend marks are called Beats by Dr. Dre (acquired by HTC), Wesc, Sennheiser … And they have driven prices up. This is another feature of this market in one year, prices rose on average by 18% in 2011.

Target young

To adapt to this new deal, Philips has decided to launch a new brand, Fidelio, dedicated to high-end, with selling prices between 199 and 280 euros fast payday loan. In the heart of range, the group leverages its alliance with the sports brand O'Neill to rejuvenate its image. Partnerships with leading figures in music or sports are also considered. Philips, however, recognized the sound quality offered by its products, decreased the size of its logo on his headphones.

"We will work to rejuvenate the brand by focusing our efforts on communication," says Olivier Ginet. A point that its competitors have mastered perfectly. Dr. Dre and is the favorite brand of football players. Philips has tried to reciprocate by equipping players XV of France during the last Rugby World Cup. But that did not have the same impact.

The Dutch must now prevail in the headphones, or risk seeing its brand is devalued, particularly in the smartphone docking stations.

Now Philips has developed the "Appssesories", that is to say, accessories for smart phones with a dedicated application. It may as well be a video camera associated with an application to monitor his house (or children) at a distance, or a scale to monitor his weight curve. Just like that already offers the French Withings. Pending applications for headphones.

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Following the agreement reached Wednesday between the European Commission, the European Parliament and EU member countries, the price of mobile phone calls while roaming will fall in July. In May, the European Parliament must approve the agreement which provides for a ceiling on the price per minute of voice communication "roaming", that is to say, the ceiling price charged by operators to their customers for calls made between two European countries. The level of declines, which should come into force on 1 July 2013 and 2014, was also decided.

Duty, a call of one minute past from abroad, which costs more than 35 cents, should return to 29 cents in July and 19 cents in just over two years. Especially, the price data downloaded with his camera will be capped at 20 cents in 2014 against 70 cents in 2012. This is the first time an agreement is reached on this point, which will reduce the cost of a smartphone abroad. For this type of device connects to the network, even without the subscriber has the feeling of surfing, to automatically update applications, email and location.

Thus, Neelie Kroes, Vice President of the European Commission is poised to win his struggle against "the group of five" major European operators of the Old Continent, including France Telecom, Deutsche Telekom and Vodafone instant credit report. The latter threatened to ask for "a moratorium" on roaming price cuts, which gives them an important source of profits. The GSMA, which includes mobile operators worldwide, deplores "the objectives of maximum prices go too far." Indeed, price declines are greater than that requested by the Commission.

Moreover, the agreement establishes an increased competition in Europe for roaming calls. After 2014, during a trip abroad a subscriber will be able to pass a temporary contract with another operator than his home country to reduce their bill.

YOUR TESTIMONY – The lower rates will she influence your communication abroad? SMS, calls, emails, social networks? What means of communication do you favor abroad? Tell us about your experience in comments below or temoin@lefigaro.fr.

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