The world of dog is not alien powers to DNA. He has also used its "services" for many years. And this, in two major areas of application: the detection of genetic diseases on the one hand, and the parentage of the other.

350 genetic diseases in dogs

There are about 350 dogs hereditary defects (against 5,000 in humans). Research – three laboratories in France working in the field of canine genetics – allowed for certain defects develop markers. These help to identify a male or a female for breeding (and competing standard) is free or affected by a particular pathology.

The status of the parents tested "negative" may be affixed to the pedigree, official document of the dogs.

Through these tests, the breeder who performs thorough job selection may evict reproductive individuals carrying. Some dogs may be healthy carriers, that is to say, be affected by a disease without showing symptoms, however, while being able to pass it. The tests may be required by a breed club within its rating scale, a sort of "ranking" of the best subjects.

A guarantee for the future master

However, there is still no test for all diseases, but susceptible breeds are available in which they can expect to see and decrease the spread of genetic diseases in their livestock.

The usefulness of such tests, when available, also benefits the future master. In its efforts to acquire a puppy, it can ensure that parents are free, which is an additional safeguard to avoid having to deal with a puppy who in turn will present a pathology. Genetic diseases, like all those reported before the purchase of an insurance animal health within the scope of exclusions of reimbursement, it is therefore a significant caution.

The DNA also allows traceability of pups in a litter. Thus, one can know with certainty that they are from the cross of like father and mother like her.

This is the official club of the breed English bulldog in this area which was the forerunner in introducing a DNA test to determine parentage in 1998. SCC (Societe Centrale Canine) which manages the LOF (Book of French origin) in France while an estimated three pedigree had at least one false statement. "It was a success in terms of ranchers who wanted to stand out from the merchants of dogs," says Helene Denis, president of the club's English bulldog. "To date we have over 1,000 bulldogs identified which quarter with controlled descent for both parents," she says.

The last important point, and not least, among the genes identified in dogs, several are directly relevant to humans. Some studies conducted in canine genetics can be transposed in human medicine and help advance research.

Proof once again that the dog outside of his abilities for the company and its role at times of carer, may hold promise of hope in our health.

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One million dollars per day, or 750,000 euros. Such is the cost of operations by Total to plug the leak on board its platform Elgin, North Sea, said Monday its chief financial officer Patrick de la Chevardière. Added to this bill a loss of $ 1.5 million each day (1.12 million) which corresponds to the cessation of production from fields adjoining the Elgin and Franklin, for a total cost estimated to about 1.9 million euros. These two deposits, located 240 kilometers off the coast of Aberdeen in Scotland, representing 2% of the total hydrocarbon production.

The company was still awaiting the green light Monday from the British authorities to dispatch technicians on the platform, removed a week earlier. Total will begin simultaneously on the one hand, to "kill" the leaking wells at the platform, out of the water, and, secondly, to drill two relief wells instant payday loan lenders. If the first operation, "relatively easy", according to Patrick Chevardière, successful, drilling (at least 100 million euros and six months of work) will be useless.

According to Total, gas, mainly methane, disperses quickly in the air. Only 7m3 of condensate (light oil such as gasoline) are currently prevalent in sea Greenpeace, arrived on Monday with a vessel area, intend to verify these statements.

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Italy is close to a historic agreement to reform the labor law, but negotiations stumble in the home straight on the amendment of Article 18 governing the right of dismissal.

Council President Mario Monti today convenes unions and employers for a new round he would have liked, if not definitive, at least open to a deal by Friday. Elsa Fornero, Minister of Labour and the law expert of the work she has long taught at the University of Turin before joining the government in November in "technical" professore, tirelessly led consultations with social partners since early January.

So far, no union, not even the most powerful and most recalcitrant of all, the CGIL, has left the negotiating table, which is itself a success. Yet this same CGIL, which began last Saturday through an agreement approved by the employers and political parties including the Democratic Party.

The support of Silvio Berlusconi

The boss of the union, Susanna Camusso, requires that a worker dismissed for reasons deemed "unfair" to be reinstated in firms with fewer than fifteen employees, as is the case in large companies. A term is deemed economically unsustainable by SMEs, which represent 95% of the industrial Italian.

For its part, the government proposes to leave the decision in court and to establish a compensation of up to 24 months' salary in case of redundancies. Ten years ago, March 23, 2002, at the call of the CGIL, three million workers were demonstrating in Rome against the relaxation of the right to dismiss. Silvio Berlusconi, who was then forced to backtrack, now endorses Mario Monti in his attempt to reform.

Jungle contracts

According to La Repubblica, the CGIL can not easily accept a reform so difficult, after being imposed in December, a pension reform which it disapproved. Workers Confederation criticized moreover the government not unlock 1.2 billion euros in state subsidies to reform the Labour Code who claims 5 billion.

Surprised by the reversal of the CGIL, the moderate unions have undertaken to consult with the Democratic Party to mediate. They should submit a proposal to cons-Mario Monti Tuesday. For its part, the employers threatened not to sign the reform, should it be watered down.

Elsa Fornero is determined to move forward. "We will not discuss endlessly," she said. The Government believes that reform "crucial" for renewed growth. The size in the jungle of contracts and collective agreements, reducing it from 40 to 8.

In addition, to stop the proliferation of temporary contracts that place young people in precarious situations, it provides a three-year apprenticeship during which companies will be entitled to terminate, after which they will be forced to hire permanently. Lack of social agreement, Elsa Fornero announced that the government will submit its draft to Parliament.

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The carbon tax decided by the Europeans could threaten 20% of the production of large aircraft – the A 330 and A 380 – Airbus alert Louis Welsh, CEO of EADS, the parent company of Airbus.

There are already industrial consequences that amount to retaliation. The Chinese government has frozen any decision acquisitions of large carriers in Europe, specifically 35 and 10 A 330 A 380 that wish to order Chinese companies.  

So, the increase in production rates of A 330 (7 to 11 per month by the second quarter 2014) "depends on the maintenance or not of Chinese companies and Chinese government approval."

"This European tax distortions created"

Louis Welsh argues for a global solution and not just European, "this European tax is inappropriate, it created distortions and puts Europe's aerospace industry and in opposition to the world," said the president of EADS payday loans in one hour.

Louis said that the Welsh Group and its subsidiaries spend 80% of its investments in programs to reduce fuel consumption and therefore emissions, and noise. 

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The chair of the Digital Economy Paris-Dauphine University launches its new Thursday night barometer of the digital economy. Made with Médiamétrie each quarter, the barometer measuring various indicators of the digital equipment of households, while taking stock of current issues.

While the beginning of the year 2012 was marked by the arrival of Free Mobile with a bang, "86% of Internet users were aware of the launch of Free as a new mobile operator," said Dominique Roux, Scientific Director the pulpit. A very high reputation, achieved with almost no advertising, where men and more affluent (AB +) are particularly well informed. Only a few women surveyed said they did not know the name of the new operator, while 2.1% of respondents thought the new operator was Darty and it was 1.9% of SFR.

A jungle

Very informed about the arrival of this new operator, the French, which was often lost in the jungle said packages, on the contrary appear well aware of the amount of their mobile tariff. Nearly three quarters of respondents said their pay package in early January between 11 and 50 euros per month, with disparities between profiles. Thus, the 50 and older and unemployed spend less than all (mostly between 11 and 20 euros), while women aged 15-34 and pay slightly more for their package (between 21 and 30 euros).

An inventory should be radically changed in the months ahead as Free Mobile has launched a bid to € 2 (call for one hour and 60 SMS) and an unlimited plan for 19.99 euros a month, and that all competitors have responded by lowering their prices. "While two thirds of the French pay 20 euros more than their monthly mobile plan, it will be interesting in the coming months to see how this figure is changing the face of offers of Free Mobile and the response of competitors," says Charles Juster Médiamétrie.

The arrival of Free Mobile showed that the French were ready to switch operators to reduce their mobile bill. This price sensitivity is also found on the Internet, while nearly three in four homes are now equipped. According to the barometer Médiamétrie-Dauphine, 85% of French would be willing to change their Internet provider to pay less. Ages 15-34, more tech-savvy and uses more developed (video, audio …) than other targets, pay more interest overall quality (and connection speed), the services offered and hardware features provided.

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LE FIGARO. – Your mission in the Ministry of Agriculture will soon end, what measures are you most satisfied?

Bruno Le Maire. – I am proud to have initiated the Battle of regulation in Europe and having secured the CAP budget. I do not regret the hundreds of hours of negotiations that allowed us to achieve: for without the CAP, farmers know that French agriculture is not as strong today. There are also contracts between producers and manufacturers that provide visibility and stability to farm incomes, modernizing sectors of slaughter cattle and finally the reform of the wine that allowed him to resume in 2011 its first place worldwide.

With what results?

We handed agriculture at the heart of the national pact. We have him set the objective: competitiveness, with the aim of sustainable agriculture. No one will return our choice because they produce results. The price of beef back, and demanding meat markets French no fax pay day loan. This is the first time in 14 years! The average income of farmers increased from € 14,500 in 2009 to € 30,200 in 2011. The surplus of the agricultural trade balance has doubled in two years. There are still too many gaps, and I remain vigilant on prices. But it gets better. And more personally, farmers have learned a lot myself. They can always count on me.

What are the issues that remain unresolved?

We must first deal with the chain of fruit and vegetables which is more fragile today. Will largely continue to reduce labor costs, as decided by the president. When I hear Francois Hollande said that there is no problem of labor costs, I see he does not know the reality of the agricultural world.

Finally, it will come to correct misunderstandings and clashes between environmentalists and agricultural world.

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The bitter pill is for Alan Scott, the ophthalmologist at the origin of Botox. In an interview with Times of India, he confesses sincerely regret having sold the rights to the botulinum toxin in the laboratory Allergan in 1991 to U.S. $ 4.5 million (3.02 million). Millions of women, foremost among which the biggest stars of Hollywood-plébiscitent this miracle cure against wrinkles, but not only. "Botox is now used in 100 treatments, not including cosmetic surgery," said Alan Scott. "If I had hung on Botox, maybe I could have won $ 1 billion a year."

In fact, the success of Botox can not be denied. Its annual sales exceed one billion dollars blithely. And the crisis is nothing changed. David Pyott, Allergan's chairman, said in October to be "pleasantly surprised" to see that in Europe, demand has not waned, despite the difficult economic conditions. "Our products in some markets record double-digit increases, which makes me say that in these societies, the appearance has no price," he told the Financial Times. In the U.S., by contrast, sales growth slowed slightly Botox in the second half of 2011.

Of erasing wrinkles to the relief of migraines

However, in the last quarter of 2011, Allergan announced a 7% rise in sales of its flagship treatment, to 415.3 million dollars. "If I had known (he would meet with such success, ed), I never would have given the group Allergan," confesses Alan Scott. The ophthalmologist in San Francisco developed the Botox in the 1970s, with the help of a biochemist, to treat ocular spasms and strabismus. This treatment, while Oculinum baptized, received its first approval from the U.S. Agency of the drug, the FDA in 1989. Two years later, Alan Scott was separating from his treatment Botox Allergan renamed.

In 2002 the FDA changed the destiny of botulinum toxin, approving marketing for temporary cosmetic treatments. "When I developed, I knew he could do wonders for neurological problems. But I had absolutely no idea of ​​its effectiveness as a cosmetic, "admits the ophthalmologist. With its crippling effects, the toxin can erase wrinkles faces. The success has been staggering. Botox is now used in 80 countries. Last August, it was approved in the United States and France to treat urinary incontinence in people with neurological disorders. Among its 21 approved indications, it is also used to relieve chronic migraines and regulate excessive underarm sweating.

In 2010, Allergan had to settle accounts with American justice. The laboratory had agreed to pay $ 600 million (453 million) to end an investigation of federal authorities on the conditions for marketing of Botox. He admitted selling his anti-wrinkle treatment so that it has been used to treat conditions for which the product had not received FDA approval.  

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]]> http://parasiteevecentral.com/the-maker-of-botox-blames-himself-for-selling-his-gold-nugget/feed/ 0 http://parasiteevecentral.com/336/ http://parasiteevecentral.com/336/#comments Mon, 31 Oct 2011 21:12:18 +0000 admin http://parasiteevecentral.com/336/ After finishing stable Friday night, the U.S. equity markets again start their week under the sign of prudence. In the wake of the Asian and European stock exchanges, Wall Street ended in the red on Monday. The Dow Jones lost 2.26% to 11,955.01 points, the Nasdaq drops 1.93% to 2684.41 points and the S & P was down 2.47% to 1253.31 points.

The purpose of the meeting, namely save 12,000 points, was not required. The wait has indeed been the watchword of the early week, prior to the G20 on Thursday and Friday in Cannes, where details should be made on the details of the agreement found in anti-crisis pain last week by the European leaders.The meeting of 20 major economies is also expected to learn more about the country or not willing to provide assistance to the euro area, particularly those that abounded to strengthen the European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF).

From this point of view, the information coming from China will be scrutinized carefully, as the rumor last week gave ready to help the euro area up to 100 billion. Confirmation of this outstretched hand should be seen by investors as an additional guarantee of the remoteness of the risk of contagion of the Greek crisis in the entire euro area cash advance today. Saturday, the credit rating "AAA" of EFSF was confirmed by the three rating agencies, Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch.

Despite the caution expected, the decline is somewhat less pronounced than in other financial centers.If macroeconomic issues set the tone in the markets in recent weeks, the place New York has received quarterly publications of good quality. According to Bloomberg, three-quarters of the S & P 500 so far released their half year exceeded expectations. On average they exceeded analysts' forecasts of 5.8%. What support the stock market rally seen across the Atlantic: September 30, the U.S. benchmark index has awarded nearly 11%.

The dollar advance against the yen, oil decline

The decision of the Japanese government, who spoke Monday on the foreign exchange market to weaken the yen, playing on the foreign exchange market. To 21 hours in Paris, the U.S. dollar rose against the Japanese currency to 78.16 yen against 75.81 yen on Friday night. For its part the European currency rose to 108.98 yen against 107.31 yen Friday.

The signal came from Paris, where the government is out of the woods on the delicate issue of recapitalizing banks with public funds. "We have no doubt about the strength of French banks but there is turbulence in financial markets that cause the increase of capital of European banks has become a necessity," conceded Valérie Pécresse, Minister for the Budget and is speaking for the government.

If Bercy always prefers a recapitalization by the "private capital", the Minister acknowledged that France was willing to inject itself of public money to support its banks.But only "if necessary, ultimately," insists on all sides. Still, Paris is on the side of Germany, who suspected her of wanting rather to apply the European Stability Fund (EFSF), to avoid jeopardizing its AAA. Now for Berlin, there is no question that States have the means to put themselves out to the pocket have had recourse to the help system mutusalisée what the Fund. "The EFSF can lend to some countries who need loans to recapitalize their banking system, France will not appeal there," committed Valérie Pécresse. If banks do not hammer need to be recapitalized, the French government, however, stand ready, in case …

Paris is therefore close to Berlin. And position strangely similar to that outlined Wednesday by José Manuel Barroso.Calling for a "fully coordinated approach," the President of the European Commission has called on banks to beef up their capital "temporarily" but "emergency". Private funds, public money or relief of EFSF, that each country is doing: Europe is the strength of its banking system can no longer be doubted.

30% to 60% discount

For this, the European banking supervisor is the maneuver. According to the Financial Times, the European Banking Authority will impose a hard capital ratio of 9%, a considerable jump from 5% who had served as a reference during stress tests in July. All, by mid-2012. But the effort goes further. The supervisor collects the latest encryption on sovereign debt portfolios of the banks to deduct equity securities on these discounts applied by the markets.

If the bank building is now consensus among European politicians is that a taboo is jumping, that of non-payment of Greece. Of course, nothing is official act. But when Barroso calls for "decisive action on Greece" to qd'assurer the viability of the Greek economy is emerging between the lines a massive debt waiver. Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou does not hide the power struggle in which he was hired: "We negotiate every day to reduce this debt." Of "responsible for the euro area" quoted by Reuters are considering the possibility of a cross on 30% to 50% of Greek debt.The President of the Eurogroup, Jean-Claude Juncker, has even mentioned a discount of more than 60% earlier in the week before his entourage back-pedal.

For now, banks consider in their accounts that they must give up 21% of their claims of Athens, in accordance with the agreement of July 21. It is to be able to take the shock of restructuring more violent they are asked to display ratios above reproach.

Appeared in France in 2004, the McCafe accelerate their development. With 18 million euros in turnover in 2010, the McCafe will now represent only 1% of sales for McDonald's in France. This year, 50 new cafes have opened, bringing the total to 134. The chain is pleased to have already welcomed nearly 10 million customers since January, as much as the whole of 2010.

With the launch of these sandwiches, the McCafe wants to expand its sales morning.While McDonald's realize most of their revenues with meals, sales of McCafe are indeed distributed at different times of day: 40% are performed in the afternoon, 25% in the morning and the rest in addition to the meal at McDonald's.

"Rely on the uses of land"

For this, the American chain ensures adapt to local habits, developing a range that "locks onto the customs of the country," says Annabelle Jacquier, Business Unit Director of McCafe and Salad Bars. Croissants are filled and the menu of Italian McCafe and toasted bread filled with cheese is available in Portugal.

In France, the McCafe initiated the sale of badges and sell pastries baked on site.With sandwiches, McDonald's wants to get into habits, "the pastries were already very French, but they are pleasures to be agreement from time to time, not necessarily every day. Instead, the sandwiches are part of our daily lives, "said Annabelle Jacquier.

With this new offering morning, the channel hopes to "increase the frequency of visits and bring in new customers." "The goal is to sell as many breakfasts of pastries that we sell today," said Annabelle Jacquier. The offer of Mc Cafes continue to "French" with the launch in late October, pastries Regional: kouign-Amann, fluted Bordeaux and Paris-Brest will rub and muffins and brownies already proposed.As for McDonald's restaurants, they offer sandwiches to stick next year.

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